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Informative webpage on the danger that frightens you or the plain English necessary pieces of information you have been waiting for and the simple measures you can take to protect yourself and your family.
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Random facts and treaties
Chemical & Biological
It started long ago and basically, chemical and biological weapons are the nuclear weapons of the poor countries.
Timeline
1346: Tatars in Crimea use plague-infected corpses against Italian colonists.
1763: British Gen. Jeffrey Amherst 's name became tarnished by stories of smallpox-infected blankets used as germ warfare against American Indians.
WW1: Close to 1.000.000 of gassed casualties.
1920: The British use chemicals against Kurds.
1935: Italians use Mustard gas in what is going to become Ethiopia.
1936: Japan invades China and poison rice.
WWII: No military use of Chemicals but the Germans developed new nerve and blood agents and used the ZyKlon B gas in concentration camps. About a thousand Italians die from exposure to a gas leaked from a sunken American ship.
1968: Utah: 6400 sheep die from exposure to Vx gas from the Dugway proving ground.
Vietnam war: Sarin and other agents might have been used. The famous defoliant, Orange agent, had side effect on people exposed to it.
1970: CIA uses a virus to kill Cuban pigs.
1980: US accuses Russian troops of using chemicals in Afghanistan.
1984: Iraq uses chemicals against Iranian forces.
1988: Saddan Hussein uses chemicals against Kurd civilians in the town of Alabjah.
1991: About 50 people die from Anthrax after an Iraqi chemical plant is bombed by US planes.
1995: A Japanese cult uses Sarin gas in a subway in Tokyo.
2001: Anthrax terror in Florida and Washington D.C., USA
Treaties
A lot has been written and signed throughout the last century...
1868: Declaration of St Petersburg
1874: Conference of Brussels
1899: Conference of The Hague
1919: Treaty of Versailles (art 171)
1922: Washington Treaty
1925: Geneva Protocol
1972: Convention on banning Biological weapons and creation of a committee on chemical disarmament
1974: The USA signs the 1928 Geneva Protocol
1986-87: Chikhany: The USSR acknowledges for the first time that it has a stockpile of chemical weapons
1989: Conference of Paris
1990: Washington Agreement 19921999-50%
1993: Convention of Paris banning chemical weapons: timetable as follow:
USA Russia
1992 25.000 t 50.000 t
Goal to achieve is -50%
1999 12.500 t 25.000 t
2002 5000 t 5000 t
Goal: to end up with a security stock of 500 t each
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The conspiracy Theories
(or too big a story to be true...or is it?)
1949: US tests of agents in US cities
1950: US germ warfare in Korea. San Francisco outbreak
1951: Virginia: race sensitive agents developed against African Americans
1962: Chemical weapons part of the US arsenal during the 13 days crisis of Cuba
1970: Nerve gas used in South East Asia by US forces
1981: Vietnam uses agents in Laos and Cambodia (Yellow Rain)
1986: US puts an end to open air testing of agents
1992: Gulf War Syndrome
1997: Cuba accuses the US of destroying its crops with Biological agents
Aids, West Nile fever...
Find it all @:
http://cns.miis.edu/research/cbw/pastuse.htm
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Random facts and treaties
NuclearTimeline
460-370 BC: a Greek philosopher, Democritus, was called the "father of the atom"
1811: Amedeo Avogadro published an article drawing the distinction between the atom and the molecule
Michael Faraday (1791-1867) laid the foundation of electro-technology
William Konrad Roentgen (1845-1923) discovered the X-rays
Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) discovered the phenomenon of radioactivity
Pierre and Marie Curie, discovered that the atom has a nucleus that is different from the shell of the atom
Max von Laue (1879-1960) interpreted the crystalline structure of matter
1905: Albert Einstein wrote the mass-energy conversion equation
1932: Lord Rutherford discovered the neutron, third fundamental particle of the atom
1934: Enrico Fermi created new elements by bombarding uranium with neutrons
1938: In Germany, Dr. Otto Hahn and Dr. Fritz Strassmann researched the fission of the uranium nucleus by neutron bombardment
1940: President Roosevelt creates the National Defense Research Committee and gives Dr. Vannevar Bush (of the Uranium sub-committee) a "blank check" to develop a nuclear weapon
1940: Major General Leslie R. Groves commands the branch of the Army's Corp of Engineers in charge of the military use of uranium: the Manhattan Engineer District (the Manhattan Project)
1945: August, the first atomic weapons are used by America against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The Manhattan project was successful and America becomes the first nuclear power. The Germans were defeated and could not complete their program started in 1938 after the discovery of the fission of a nucleus of Uranium by a neutron.
1947: Russia becomes a nuclear power
1952: England joins the club
1960: France becomes a nuclear power too
1964: China
2002: India and Pakistan join the club of the known nuclear power
Israel is known to possess nuclear weapons and Iran, North Korea, Algeria, Syria, Iraq and Libya are trying hard to get some.
The status of Japan is still "unknown" but the country is suspected to seek nuclear independence.
Treaties: Goals
1965 to 1970: Limit the number of Nuclear powers
1970 to 1980: Limit the number of weapons
1980 to 1990: Reduce the number of weapons
Treaties
1957: Creation of the Atomic Energy Agency
1959: Washington treaty
1968: Non-proliferation treaty (put in force in 1970 by 97 countries - valid for 25 years - 140+ countries today - extended in 1995 for an unlimited period of time)nuclear powers promised not to contribute to nuclear weapons proliferation non-nuclear powers promised not to try to get nuclear weapons nuclear power promised access to nuclear energy technology to non-nuclear powers
1970: Zanger Committee
1972: SALT 1 (1710 missiles allowed for the US - 2358 for Russia)
1977: SALT 2 ( 2250 allowed for each of the superpowers with a maximum of 1350 MIRV (independent warheads piled up in a missile)
1986: South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga)
1987: Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
1987: Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles Treaty (the INF Treaty): Tactical Nuclear Weapons treatyzero tolerance for the 1000-5000 kms range zero tolerance for the 500-1000 kms range no agreement for the 10-500 kms range
1987: START 1: Strategic Nuclear Weapons
1991: START 2: timetable as follow:
1991 USA: 9986 RUSSIA: 10237
Goal: achieve a balance in 2003
2003 3500 3027
Note: The 2003 level of disarmament is the level of armament of 1960!!!
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Proliferation: the players
Biological and Chemicals:
33 countries did not sign the 1993 Paris agreements (150 did sign it).
Among the 33 countries one could notice the following: Syria, Libya, Iraq, North Korea, Taiwan, Egypt, Sudan, Somalia, Serbia, Jordan and Angola.It is five time more expensive to destroy Chem-Bio weapons than to make them: poor countries will need financial help. Not long ago, Universities across the world could legally purchase germs for research purpose. That is how Iraq got Anthrax and Small Pox from US and French labs. Bio-chemical technology transfer was never really forbidden nor monitored. Germany provided Saddam Hussein with the necessary mad scientist's tools prior to the first Gulf War. Chemical weapons are considered as the nuclear weapon of the poor. A pesticide-insecticide manufacturing capability can cheaply and easily lead to weapon grade products development.
Nuclear:
The proliferation starts with the proliferation of the vectors and missile technology
Ballistic missiles:
Intercontinental missiles:
USA, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Byelorussia, Great Britain, France, China, Israel, Saudi Arabia.
Cruise missiles:
Own some: USA, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Byelorussia
Want them: Iran, India, Egypt, North & South Korea
Recently declared nuclear powers (2002):
India
Nuclear plants from Canada
Produces Plutonium (400 lbs of Plutonium produced, enough for 2 dozens of bombs)
Missile range:2500 kms
Pakistan
Nuclear plants from China
Missile technology to China
Produces Plutonium (enough for a dozen bombs)
Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Algeria, Syria and Libya are trying to get access to nuclear weapons:
Non declared nuclear powers:
Israel
Missile range:1450 kms
200 kilotons
Iran:
Nuclear plant from India, technology from China and Pakistan, fuel from Argentina and missiles from North Korea.
North Korea:
Plants from Russia. Technology from Pakistan. Produces Plutonium and exports missiles and related technology.
Algeria:
Plants from China and fuel and technology from Iraq.
Syria:
Tries to get a plant from China. Gets technology and cooperation from India and missiles from North Korea and China.
Japan:
Imported Plutonium.
Notes: whatever is smuggled out or sold from the Republics of the former USSR is not officially known but can be guessed. Proliferation can be human ("brains"), technological (missiles and related technology). Fuel and weapons are also in high demand. American corporation helped China resume its rocket programs and nuclear secrets allegedly "leaked" to China from the Livermore labs.
Countries that have ballistic ("intercontinental") missiles:
Build and own Ballistic missiles
This page is still under construction.Stay tuned for more....
I am currently creating more content for this section. In order to be able to keep up with my high standards of service, I need a little more time. Please stop by again. Thank you for your interest!
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